The toxicity of endosulfan and health issues due to its bioaccumulation came under media attention when health issues precipitated in the kasargod district of kerala were publicised. Researchers studying children from an isolated village in kerala, india in 2003 linked endosulfan exposure to delays in sexual maturity among boys. The government of kerala has directed the kerala state council for science technology and environment kscste for monitoring endosulfan persistence in soil, water and blood samples in the selected areas of kasaragod district and its impacts on human health and environment vide g. Endosulfan 3ec page 2 of 10 directions for use restricted use pesticide it is a violation of federal law to use this product in a manner inconsistent with its labeling. Articles on endosulfan, complete coverage on endosulfan. Nov 16, 2015 the kerala story of the broken dreams of thousands affected. Endosulfan sulfate is a product of oxidation containing one extra o atom attached to the s atom. It is used primarily on food crops like tea, fruits, vegetables and on grains it is used against cabbage worms, whiteflies, leafhoppers, aphids and colorado potato beetles. Toxicological profiles are revised and republished as necessary. Pdf the commentary by sreekumar and prathapan 1 that brings to light a few flaws in the. Action network, which has been involved in the pesticides issue for more than 18 years, there is a deep recognition that in the battle. Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of kasaragod villages. Endosulfan became a highly controversial agrichemical due to its acute toxicity.
Rev201101, discontinuation of endosulfan appendix i. What endosulfan did to these children in keralas kasaragod. In a major change of position, india on friday accepted at a world convention in geneva that the pesticide endosulfan is a health hazard. This was in background of the pesticide manufacturers and formulators association of india pmfai moving the kerala high court seeking to quash endosuofan state government order of august 25, to suspend the use of endosulfan in the state and the high court bench deciding that the government should take cognizance of the achuthan committee report. Endosulfan poisoning and the struggle of the community in.
Lately, we have received many questions about endosulfan, mainly on which products and uses are still registered. Users are referred to the original paper copy of the toxicological profile for the official text, figures, and tables. The supreme court has described side effects of endosulfan, a highly toxic agrochemical pesticide as devastating. The spraying of endsosulfan in the cashew plantations of stateowned plantation corporation of kerala caused a disaster on the biodiversity of the area, a. Well try to answer the who, what, where, when, why so we are all on the same page. Between 1976 and 2000, more than 50,000 villagers of kasargod district in kerala, india have been exposed to endosulfan, apersistent organic pesticide, sprayed on. People residing in the villages within the plantation have been afflicted with different. A toxic organochlorine pesticide of moderate mammalian toxicity which doesnt accumulate in the tissues of man or animals to any significant extent. The pesticide is still used for cotton and cashew plantations in many parts of the nation karnataka, punjab, assam and andhra pradesh. It is considered by many experts in the field of pesticide toxicity as one of the worst pesticide disasters to happen to a region and its people. The pesticide endosulfan was sprayed aerially for around 25 years in cashew plantations situated in kasargod and caused severe diseases and extensive. If you have found this free report valuable we ask. Endosulfan displays the characteristics of persistence, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Epas acute reference dose for dietary exposure to endosulfan is 0.
Endosulfan molecule of the month june 2011 htmlonly version. Endosulfan is used in a manner that can result in exposure to organisms at levels known to be toxic. Sep 26, 2019 all atsdr toxicological profile pdf files are electronic conversions from paper copy or other electronic ascii text files. Still the illegal application of the endosulfan has reported in kerala. Mar 24, 2017 effects to the environment endosulfan breaks down into endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan diol, and its residues remains in the soil for around 6 years. He also dismissed a report prepared by the kozhikode medical college in malagalam show increased endosulfan levels. Endosulfan definition of endosulfan by the free dictionary. This conversion may have resulted in character translation or format errors. Endosulfan is an insecticide that is applied extensively to coffee, tea, and cotton crops, among others. People are still facing the side effects of endosulfan in kerala and karnataka but the indian government has not yet banned the deadly chemical. In its commercial form, endosulfan is composed of two stereoisomers.
The endosulfan tragedy happened in kasaragod district of kerala in india. Endosulfan sulfate definition of endosulfan sulfate by. In addition endosulfan diol, endosulfan hydroxy carboxylic acid and endosulfan. After a 14 years outcry from social activists and antiendosulfan activists, the government of kerala has imposed restrictions on the use and marketing of pesticides. Over 20 years of aerial spraying on cashew plantations in kerala and other states has left many with mental and physical disorders. Effects to the environment endosulfan breaks down into endosulfan sulfate and endosulfan diol, and its residues remains in the soil for around 6 years. They deserve the compensation for living with their heads held up high. The case of the endosulfan disaster that occurred in kasargod, kerala can be accounted to environmental harms which detrimentally affected the environment and its units, especially humans. Jun 24, 2019 this was in background of the pesticide manufacturers and formulators association of india pmfai moving the kerala high court seeking to quash endosuofan state government order of august 25, to suspend the use of endosulfan in the state and the high court bench deciding that the government should take cognizance of the achuthan committee report. In places like muliyar, periye, enmakaje, cheemeni and pedre in the cashew plantations aerial spraying of pesticide to wipe of tea mosquitoes was undertaken by plantation corporation of kerala pck back from 1978 onwards. Use of endosulphan in kasaragod distric, kerala, india. The case for banning endosulfan article pdf available in current science 10411. Endosulfan definition is a toxic crystalline chlorinated insecticide and acaricide c9h6cl6o3s used especially on food crops.
The chemical is banned in 80 countries, but was used in kerala for aerial crop spraying for 20 years. Endosulfan is also a synthetic substance that imitates or enhances the effect of the female hormone estrogen, which means it can cause reproductive and developmental damage in both animals and humans. Endosulfan poisoning and the struggle of the community in kasaragod to regain life and the living land sridhar r, thanal, kerala india, 2008 the story poisoned villages victims of chemical pest control people realise, study and act community led monitoring and remediation industry and regulators reacts. Continuing disaster of endosulfan in kasargod and kannur districts of kerala abstract between 1976 and 2000, more than 50,000 villagers of kasargod district in kerala, india have been exposed to endosulfan, a persistent organic pesticide, sprayed on the cashew plantations owned by the plantation corporation of kerala.
Muneesa, a visually impaired woman, is also an endosulfan victim. Indias children reap the bitter harvest of endosulfan this article is more than 8 years old in some keralan villages half the families have a severely disabled child. Endosulfan is used on food crops such as grains, tea, fruits, and vegetables, and on nonfood crops such as tobacco and cotton. It is also used as a wood preservative atsdr, 2000.
Endosulfan sulfate synonyms, endosulfan sulfate pronunciation, endosulfan sulfate translation, english dictionary definition of endosulfan sulfate. Endosulfan poses problems due to its persistence in the environment. Farmer leader speaks about the true endosulfan tragedy in kerala. Participants are free to pursue their own projects to. Plantation corporation of kerala, a state government enterprise has cultivated cashew plant in the vast areas of this district. Several transformation products have been identified in the environment with endosulfan sulfate cas number 1031078 being the prevailing one. Endosulfaninduced cardiotoxicity and free radical metabolism in rats. Feb 01, 2011 continuing disaster of endosulfan in kasargod and kannur districts of kerala abstract between 1976 and 2000, more than 50,000 villagers of kasargod district in kerala, india have been exposed to endosulfan, a persistent organic pesticide, sprayed on the cashew plantations owned by the plantation corporation of kerala. The spraying of endsosulfan in the cashew plantations of stateowned plantation corporation of kerala caused a disaster on the biodiversity of the area, a study by the dr. It is one of the most commonly used pesticides in the california central valley, one of the most cultivated areas in the united states bradford et al. I would like to invite you to kerala famously known as gods own country. In 2003, the high court of kerala upheld the order of lower court and it permanently stopped endosulfan spraying. Endosulfan in kerala in kasargod district, more than 9000 patients are said to be victims of endosulfan. But over the years she has become a leader fighting for the victims and leading their struggles.
Meet an endosulfan victim who fights for the rights of others. Endosulfan sulfate definition of endosulfan sulfate by the. Endosulfan poisoning in kasargod, kerala, india 1 report of a fact finding misssion over the past 2 decades, the pesticide endosulfan has been aerially sprayed on a cashew nut plantation covering several villages in kasargod district, kerala state, india. This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile. Kerala in south india is flanked by the arabian sea on one side and the sahayadris on one side and as a result this south indian state has a lot to offer nature buffs in terms of exotic flora, natural greens and of course birds and wild animals. Als environmental does not sell chemicals, but offers analytical lab testing to determine the presence of various elements and chemical compounds. Endosulfan has relatively high potential to bioaccumulate in fish. August 8 that the import of endosulfan into the south american country will be banned from july 1, 201221. It exhibits antiestrogenic effects in fresh water catfish, reproductive problems.
May 02, 2020 endosulfan is subject to longrange atmospheric transporti. Use of endosulphan in kasaragod distric, kerala, india ejatlas. The agricultural industry and state agricultural authorities advise that endosulfan is extremely important to agriculture, and for some croppest situations there are no alternatives at all or. Aerial spray of endosulfan, a pesticide is being blamed for all the health problems in the area by the people.
Disaster of endosulfan in kasargod and kannur endosulfan. Substantial evidence demonstrates that endosulfan is highly toxic for most animal groups, showing both acute and chronic effects at relatively low exposure levels. Kasargod district is located in the southern part of india in kerala state. A toxicological profile for endosulfan, draft for public comment was released in may 20. Endosulfan is subject to long range atmospheric transport,i.
Indias children reap the bitter harvest of endosulfan. The issue came to light over decades with growing international opposition against endosulfan. Tracking decadeslong endosulfan tragedy in kerala downtoearth. Aerial spray of endosulfan using helicopters was recommended by government. A highly toxic crystalline solid, c9h6cl6o3s, used as an insecticide and wood preservative. Endosulfan poisoning and the struggle of the community in kasaragod to regain life and the living land sridhar r, thanal, kerala india, 2008. What endosulfan did to these children in kerala s kasaragod.
Endosulfan tragedy in kerala gods own country kerala. Apr 22, 2011 the spraying of endsosulfan in the cashew plantations of stateowned plantation corporation of kerala caused a disaster on the biodiversity of the area, a study by the dr. Jan 12, 2017 the supreme court has described side effects of endosulfan, a highly toxic agrochemical pesticide as devastating. Mar 24, 2020 endosulfan kerala story pdf endosulfan is an offpatent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out this inspired protests, and the pesticide was banned in kerala as early as, following a report by the national institute of occupational health. Endosulfan tragedy in keralaneed of ban on endosulfan. Analysis of milk from cows which survived the poisoning revealed level of greater than 1 ppm endosulfan immediately following the intoxication. Feb 15, 2017 an endosulfan based insecticide, on sale in karnataka in 2010. Health problems seen in the villages sprayed with endosulfan. Endosulfan definition of endosulfan by merriamwebster. Endosulfan is subject to longrange atmospheric transporti. Permanently bedridden, this young boy is symbolic of.
It is also banned in the state of kerala, india, as a result of severe adverse. I would like to invite you to keralafamously known as gods own country. In idukki, the malayalaam lies with the overuse of many pesticides including endosulfan, that is banned in kerala. The two isomers, endo and exo, are known popularly as i and ii.
Endosulfan production, negative effects, ban in india. It has directed kerala government to release entire rs. An endosulfanbased insecticide, on sale in karnataka in 2010. Endosulfan is an off patent organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is being phased out globally. Endosulfan destroyed biodiversity of kasaragod villages the. Only protected handlers may be in the area during application. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. Endosulfan has been used globally as a pesticide since the 1950s to control a variety of insects including whiteflies, aphids, leafhoppers, colorado potato beetles, and cabbage worms. There was a global decision made at the stockholm convention in april 2011 to phase out endosulfan by 2017. Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide and acaricide that is commonly used in the us for agricultural pest control atsdr, 2000.
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